Animals Of Coastal Landscapes The Spiny Porcupine Fish

Animals in coastal landscapes. The Spiny Porcupine fish lives in the Coral Reef at the depth of one-two hundred metres. The length that it grows is 20 to 50 cm. The Spiny Porcupine fish gets pregnant for 9 months just like humans and its hatching period is 4 days. The food that it eats is Sea Urchins, Hermit Crabs and Snails. The life span of the animal is 5 – 7 years. When the fish feels threatened, it will expand its stomach with air or water. This fish can also be called Spiny Puffers and Balloon fish. The fish ranges from Florida to Brazil, around South Africa to the Indian Ocean, it is also found throughout the west and Oceania. The Spiny Porcupine fish looks spotty, variable with highly individual markings concentrated on the upper parts. The eyes are large and help the fish to spot predators quickly. They are not strong predators and therefore they must inflate to escape. There mouthparts have 2 large teeth, one upper and on lower and they stick out like a beak.( 2016 world book page 15, 16, 17, 18) The Seahorse lives in areas of seagrass, mangroves forests and coral reefs. Their length is 1.6- 25 cm and they are pregnant from 4 months to 1 year. The seahorse lies from 100 eggs to 200 eggs at a time. The seahorse lives for 1-5 years. Their diet is tiny shrimp and other invertebrates. The Seahorse looks has a snout to suck tiny shrimp and other prey in its mouth in an instant, they have a pouch for after mating which the female inserts the eggs into the male,

The Importance Of Developmentally Appropriate Practices...

The Importance of Developmentally Appropriate Practices Introduction Every child deserves an environment that endorses developmentally appropriate practices, to promote joy, respect, autonomy, creativity, exploration, responsibility and choice. Within such environment, one may argue that, catering to young children can be very demanding. However, all early years facilitator, who possess certain qualities and display positive characteristics, can definitely create an environment where children individual needs are catered to and they are able to thrive ecstatically. Knowing how children learn and develop is essential for teachers of young children, as that knowledge will guide the practices that are implemented within the classroom. The more educators know and tune in to the way children think and learn the more effective teaching becomes and the more satisfying their work. Copple Bredekamp (2006), postulates that teachers need to meet children where they are, as individuals and as a group as well as help each child attain challenging and achie vable goals that contribute to his or her ongoing development and learning. Subsequently, early childhood facilitators need to understand the importance of developmentally appropriate practices and ensure that children are catered to accordingly. To effectively execute appropriate practices, educators must first understand the meaning of developmentally appropriate practice; the features associated with it and the importanceShow MoreRelatedMiseducation of Children Essays887 Words   |  4 PagesThe Miseducation of Children Author Note This research is being submitted on July 5, 2012 for David Elkind’s EC110 Curriculum and Instruction course. 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In the Reggio Emilia School, children are viewed as powerfulRead MoreEvaluation Of School Readiness And Social Emotional Development1299 Words   |  6 PagesAssessing the program will permit the program to find out if they are providing students a developmentally appropriate environment that supports school readiness and social-emotional development. Also we will assess if the program is educating parents on the importance of social-emotional development and school readiness. a) Program Description: The program that I will observe during this course is the Victor Valley College Child Development Lab. The Victor Valley College Child Development LabRead MoreMinimum Requirement : Infant / Toddler Child Development Associate ( Cda )983 Words   |  4 Pages45 credits up to an Associate or Bachelor Degree in Early Childhood Education or a related field. Two years of experience working with young children. Excellent interpersonal skills, flexible hours, and basic computer skills required. Ability to: complete basic paperwork, respond to emergency situations, analyze and solve problems, move and play with small children. Perform multiple tasks and meet deadlines. Special requirements: Ability to work and cooperate with others, required to pass physicalRead More Controversies Over Technology in Early Childhood Classrooms Essay2755 Words   |  12 Pagesof both teachers and parents is the potential benefits for young children’s learning and development.. Supporters and non-supporters agree on the importance of young children’s social, emotional, cognitive and physical development. Supporters feel children should have the opportunity to use the computer as another tool to aide in and encourage their development. Non-supporters agree the computer may be a useful tool for young children but feel many teachers may not be using the computers in the

Housekeeping Department Of Hotel Management - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Housekeeping Department Of Hotel Management. Answer: Introduction The assignment helps in analyzing the different outsourcing of activities within the hotel as this will help in reducing the costs. The different roles, functions and tasks has to be analyzed in such a manner that this will help in handling the different activities that can meet the expectations of the customers. The role of the needs of the customers as well as the customers has to be considered, as this will ensure meeting the different demands of the different customers. The main aim and purpose of the report is to understand whether outsourcing is a viable solution for the department of housekeeping. The different drawbacks as well as benefits of moving to outsourced organization for the particular department. The different recommendations are essential to be adopted, as this will help in moving the entire organization in a forward direction. The structure of the report includes the overview of the housekeeping department along with identification of the roles and responsibilities of the respective department. The role of the customers and the need of customers has to be analyzed in such a manner that this will help in creating positive experience. The analysis of the viability of the outsourcing has to be analyzed, as this will help in analyzing the benefits and drawbacks of the organization. Overview of the Housekeeping department The housekeeping department is defined as the provision of comfortable, clean as well as safe environment (Nayak et al. 2015). It is the backbone of the hotel; the housekeeping department is the largest department in the hotel organization. The main goal is to ensure highest standard of cleanliness that will help in maintaining efficiency as well as consistency (Townsend, Wilkinson and Burgess 2014). The main and essential characteristics of the housekeeping department are willingness to serve as well as pleasing the different guests. The 24*7 proper availability of service is essential in nature as this will help in satisfying the requirements of the customers in an effective manner (Felicen et al. 2014). The housekeeping department is the main and essential department of different hotels as this department helps in attracting customers in an effective manner. The effectiveness is essential in nature among the employees who are working in the respective department to understand the requirements of the customers and this will help in solving the queries in an effective manner as well. The outsourced housekeepers has to be trained in such a manner that this will help them in meeting the different requirements and this will help the hotel to gain revenues in the future. Role, Tasks and functions of the housekeeping department There are different roles and responsibilities of the housekeeping department that has to be followed as this will help in increasing the revenue and profit generation of the company. The tasks and responsibilities are as follows:Organizing, coordinating and supervising the different tasks is one of the tasks of the housekeeping department as this will help in ensuring excellence in safety and sanitation of the hotel (Glodoveza, Sacluti and Dee 2015) The director or the executive of the housekeeping department will help in providing budget to the management and there will be forecasting management in the hotel Proper establishment and maintenance the standard operating process for cleaning the hotel rooms (Pan 2015) The deputy housekeeper will help in checking and ensuring that the public areas are cleaned and this will help in maintaining daily routine Proper preparation of the schedule of the staffs as well as weekly roaster as there can be rotation in the shifts The evening and night supervisor will help in reporting the security and safety hazards and organize cleaning of rooms as well Lastly, training the new staffs as this will help in ensuring proper safety as well of the entire hotel rooms Role of customers and needs of customers from housekeeping department The customers will be requiring proper respect and greeting from the housekeeping department as the housekeeping department is the backbone of the hotel Prompt and efficient room service is required to be made available by the housekeeping department as this will help in building strong brand image The rooms has to be clean and tidy as this will make the first impression in the minds of the customers and they are the gods of the hotel The customers require prompt service as and when required as they are the guests of the hotel. It is the duty of the housekeeping department to look after the demands and requirements of the customers in an effective manner Whether Outsourcing is viable solution for housekeeping department Outsourcing is essential and advantageous for the hotel industries as this will have huge number of benefits that can be viable in nature. The advantages of outsourcing the housekeeping department is as follows: Saving money is one of the advantages that will be gained by the respective hotel as there will be more than 25% or more decrease in the cost of the labor There will be reduction in the union of labor issues in the respective hotel as this will help in saving money on the cost of the labor as well (Parmar and Dalal 2017) While hiring the staffs from a different organization, it will be easier for the top officials of the respective hotel to judge and evaluate the talents and weaknesses of the housekeepers and this will help in benefitting the hotel (Fouad, Hussein and Attia 2016) There will be no requirement to keep expensive materials or equipments in the hotel as the housekeepers will be carrying their own equipments from the respective organization from wherein they are hired However, there are different cons or disadvantages of outsourcing the housekeeping department in hotels as there are few flaws that are discussed as follows: Security is one of the main concerns in the outsourcing the housekeeping department in the hotel as the guests may not feel safe when they will know that the housekeepers are not on the direct payroll of the hotel (Lie 2015) There will be no understanding of the service quality until the housekeepers start working and this can be a risk for the entire hotel (Aziz 2016) Lastly, the main issue of outsourcing is that there will be less control on the housekeeping department as the employees who are working are not the employees of the hotel (Prayag and Hosany 2015) Recommendations Therefore, it can be recommended that the outsourcing is viable in nature to certain extent for the entire hotel industry. However there are different issues and cons on the outsourcing of the housekeeping department. It can be recommended that hotels has to implement different strategies that include the quality has to be checked and tested for a week or so while outsourcing the housekeeping department employees. This will help the entire hotel to identify the different loopholes in such a manner that this will help in solving the issues related to outsourcing of employees. The housekeeping department in the hotels has to be trained in such an effective manner that this will help in managing the different issues related to security of the entre hotel. The hotel has to analyze and capture the different feedbacks from the customers as this will help in analyzing and tracking the guest experience in a prompt way. The performance of the entire housekeeping department has to be analyzed in such a manner that this will help in improvement of the performance in an effective manner. The hotels can tiff incentives to the staffs as this will help in satisfying the guests experience in an effective manner. The different expectations of the customers have to be met in such a manner that this will help in improving the efficiency of the firms and this will help in meeting the different requirements as well. The customers are the god of the different hotels and they are required to be treated as the celebrity as this will impress them. The housekeeping departments have to follow certain guidelines in such a manner that this will manage the different queries in an effective manner. In order to make outsourcing viable in nature, this is the duty of the hotel management to keep a look at the different tasks performed by the outsourced employees and guide them as per the norms of the hotel. The hotels need to focus on the segment of guests as this will help in benefitting utmost of it and this will help in increasing the entire profit and revenue of the company. Lastly, the different guests who visit and stay in the hotels has to be treated like celebrities as this are the main expectation of the customers. The expectations of the customers have to be met in such a manner that this will improve the performance of the company and analyze the feedbacks of the customers as well. The outsourced housekeeping departments have to be made viable by reducing the cons by providing effective training to the employees who are being outsourced. References Aziz, W., 2016. Evaluation of the Performance of Guest Room Attendants of Housekeeping Department (Application to Cairo Three Star Hotels).International Journal of Heritage, Tourism, and Hospitality,7(2). Felicen, S.S., Rasa, L.C., Sumanga, J.E. and Buted, D.R., 2014. Internship performance of tourism and hospitality students: Inputs to improve internship program.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,4(6), p.42. Fouad, M.A., Hussein, S. and Attia, A.Y., 2016. Housekeeping Performance and Guest Satisfaction in Resort Hotels.International Journal of Heritage, Tourism, and Hospitality,7(2). Glodoveza, S.V., Sacluti, M.A.M. and Dee, D.A.C., 2015. THE ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES OF SEQUOIA HOTEL QUEZON CITY IN HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT.Ani: Letran Calamba Research Report,2(1), pp.1-1. Lie, A.L., 2015. The Impact of Occupational Stress Factors to Job Stress in Housekeeping Department of Hotel ABC.iBuss Management,3(1). Nayak, N., Pai, A., Prabhu, N. and Granil, P.D., 2015. Management Perspective of Employee Turnover in the Housekeeping Department.International Journal of Management and Social Sciences research,4(9), pp.4-7. Pan, F.C., 2015. Practical application of importance-performance analysis in determining critical job satisfaction factors of a tourist hotel.Tourism Management,46, pp.84-91. Parmar, S. and Dalal, P., 2017. A study of musculoskeletal disorder among housekeeping staff in hotel industry. Prayag, G. and Hosany, S., 2015. Human resource development in the hotel industry of Mauritius: myth or reality?.Current Issues in Tourism,18(3), pp.249-266. Townsend, K., Wilkinson, A. and Burgess, J., 2014. Routes to partial success: Collaborative employment relations and employee engagement.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(6), pp.915-930.

Regional Trade Agreement

Concept of Regional Integration The term â€Å"regional integration† is not easy to define, but attempts to understand it have been made for years. In general terms, regional integration refers to the ‘unification of nation states into a larger whole’ (Viner 1). It has been commonly described as a process that entails a country’s will to share or unite into a whole with other states.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Regional Trade Agreement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What determines the level of integration is what that country intends to share and the extent to which it is willing to share. Regional integration sometimes entails compromise on the nation states, but this should not be the case. It should actually enhance general eminence of existence for the citizens of the member states. Regional integration can be also defined along the lines of geographic scope, the substantive coverage and the depth of integration. Geographic scope comprises the number of countries that are involved in the agreement. Substantive coverage means the activity that the integration entails or is involved in, for instance, trade. Finally, the depth of integration is the extent to which a country is ready to give away its sovereignty. This means that a country can either be shallowly or deeply rooted into the integration. Then, the question about the reasons for regional integration arises. Regional integration acts as a unity, especially in fragmented economies, like in the Sub-Saharan Africa. Integration creates larger markets to permit economies of scale wider competition and foreign investment. It also accelerates the opening of enclosed economies to the rest of the world. Integration enhances credibility of national reform through lock-in policy mechanism. It goes ahead to strengthen unity for international negotiations. Finally and most importantly, integration helps avert inter-state conflicts (Viner 2010, p. 2). There are other reasons for integration, especially in the Sub-Saharan Africa that brought about the integration. They are both traditional and non-traditional benefits.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The traditional benefits include trade gains, increased returns and favorable competition, and finally, there was increased investment all over the continent. The non-traditional gains associated with the integration include among others mentioned earlier on, insurance and security. Regional Trade Agreement Regional Trade Agreements have taken different forms since the 50s. It was in 1958 that the first form was established under the Rome treaty and known as the European Economic Community. It was a custom union according to GATT because it was mainly involved in the establishment of a common external tariff defined in the treaty as a common market. The reason for this definition was because it provided for free trade in capital and labor coupled with goods and services (Lloyd 1). This had set a precedent that was followed by the others. In 1960, the EFTA was formed followed by the Latin America Free Trade Area in the same year. Central American Common Market was founded the same year while in 1965, the Canada-US Automotive Agreement was created. The others were New Zealand – Australia Free Trade Area formed in 1965 and U.K.- Ireland Free Trade Agreement which appeared in 1965. In the 80s, other agreements came up, so their roots can be easily traced though the list is endless. Trying to explain the differences in the RTAs in our quest, we can group them into different levels because by understanding these levels, we become aware of their functionalities (Mirus Rylska 2001, p. 1). The second level of the RTAs are the Free Trade Areas. They are rather different from the former which did not eliminate all the trade barriers. In the Free Trade Areas, all trade barriers are expelled, but labor or capital markets are not still integrated. Each member is allowed to maintain barriers with non members. The third level of the RTAs is the custom unions. All the member countries under the Customs Unions must eliminate all the trade barriers, but retain the same trade policies that exist between them and other countries that are not members.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Regional Trade Agreement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fourth level of the RTAs is known as Common Markets, and under this level, all the barriers between labor flow and physical capital are not there. This allows the movement of raw material and the products or services from them to flow in and out freely among the member states (SW Learning). The RTAs are not compatible with the global free trade, but certain practices have been proposed so as t o enhance their trade creation effects rather than minimize their trade diversion effects (Park et al. 2009, p. 5). Plummer (2007) suggested some of the best practices and dubbed the Ten Commandments in his article. They include comprehensive covering of the goods and services within a certain period of time, progress in trade facilitation, intellectual property protection, nondiscriminatory foreign direct investment-related provisions, transparent anti-dumping procedures, dispute resolution, open and nondiscriminatory government procurement, competition policy and low and standardized technical barriers to trade (Park et al. 5). It is true to say that the UK is a part of the EU. The UK joined the EU in the 70s during which the EU was known as the EEC (European Economic Community). But there has been a lot of criticism by this move. Hopkins (2007) notes in his article that there were a lot of changes since the UK had joined the EU. While making a contribution to the same, Mangatu (2 007) emphasizes that the UK enjoyed the lowest inflation rates in the world. It is also one of the economies that has enjoyed the lowest unemployment figures. These are some of the factors that do not favor the UK being in the EU. How the EU works A brief summary of how the EU works is well underlined as follows. The European Union, which represents the member states, has a council which makes the major EU’s decisions. When the EU meets at the Heads of State or Government level, which is now termed as the European Council, its major role is to provide the EU with a piece of political advice on key issues. Then, there exists the European Parliament, which acts as a representative of the people. Its mandate goes deeper into sharing legislative and budgetary powers with the Council of the European Union.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, the European Commission comes; it is a representative of the EU concerning its common interest with the last one. It is also the main executive body. It has the powers to propose legislation and make sure that the EU policies are rightfully implemented. NAFTA verses the EU Starting with the fact that the EU is the largest trading block and the one that has made a very noticeable success. But on the other hand, NAFTA formed in the US does not seem to enjoy the same success. One reason that can be attributed to this misfortune is culture. The EU has incorporated different cultures which enhance a lot of growth, but looking at their competitor, NAFTA, America and Canada who are the major contributors have more or less the same culture. The lack of diversification makes NAFTA to lag behind the EU (Ramirez 2008, p. 1). References Hopkins, M., 2007. ‘ Why Britain does not need the European Union (EU).’ Helium. Web. Mangatu, I. M., 2007. ‘Why Britain does not ne ed the European Union (EU).’ Helium. Web. Park, I., Park, S., 2009. Consolidation and Harmonization of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs): A Path Toward Global Free Trade. New York: Division of International Studies. Ramirez E., 2008.The EU vs. the NAFTA. New Jersey: ALP Publishers. Mirus, R., Rylska, N., 2001. ‘Economic Integration: Free Trade Areas vs. Customs Unions.’ Western Centre for Economic Research. Web. Plummer, M. G., 2007. ‘’Best Practices’ in Regional Trading Agreements: An Application to Asia.’ The World Economy , no. 30, pp. 1771-1796. SW Learning, 2011. Types of Regional Trade Agreements: Regional Trade Agreements, Bangladesh: Indra. Viner, J., 2010. The Customs Union Issue. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York: Cengage Publishers. This essay on Regional Trade Agreement was written and submitted by user Lilia Ramos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How the Evolution of Mobile Phone Affect People Communicate Essay Example

How the Evolution of Mobile Phone Affect People Communicate Essay Example How the Evolution of Mobile Phone Affect People Communicate Essay How the Evolution of Mobile Phone Affect People Communicate Essay How the evolution of mobile phone change the way people communicate? Previously, people used to communicate with some of the earliest forms of communication devices included smoke signal, morse code, and pigeons. With all these communication devices, messages probably need weeks or months to reaching its destination. With the invention of mobile phone, all you have to do these days is send a text or make a call and your message will reach its destination within minutes. THE EVOLUTION OF MOBILE PHONE Nowadays, mobile phone is no longer a want but is a need. Everyone including people from teenagers to old people has a personal cell phone of their own on their hands. You couldn’t imagine how a mobile phone looks like in the past; it is totally different from now. Improved technology has made a great change in the history of mobile phones, transforming the huge mobile phones into sleek and stylish smartphones we carry with us now. Let’s take a look at how mobile phones developed from the bulky walkie-talkie look to today’s swipe-savvy descendants. Previously, a mobile phone use to be like this. The design is huge and with a long antenna. A few years later, mobile phones became a little more defined and better looking than how they were before. Antennas were shortened and the designs modified. Only text messaging service and voice call service are included in the function of mobile phone. Besides making a call and texting a message, there is nothing else a mobile phone can do. In 2000, the world’s first touchscreen phone has been invented. More and more advanced technology was included in this world’s first touch screen phone. Besides than making a call and text a message, user can also get entertained from the phone. There are some simple games included in the phone and a lot of simple applications such as a calendar and a calculator. The image shows a Motorola phone which has a simple black and white touchscreen. Next,  technology has undergone a big change in history of mobile phones, putting a colour display and integrating camera to mobile phones, producing the mobile phone with a basic camera. Users can take pictures on the spot when needed with the phone and they need not to carry a digital camera with them wherever they go. Sooner, mobile phones are no longer limited to single screen. This model has a small screen on the outside to notify calls and text messages coming in, and a big screen on the inner for the user to type messages and carry out other functions of the phone. There are some mobile phones built for delivering great music. A button for music playback and memory support has made the gadget become a great gadget for enjoying music anytime and anywhere. Now, is the time to talk about the most popular phone used by many of us nowadays. There are many company compete in producing smartphones such as Samsung, Apple, Blackberry and so on. All this advanced touchscreen smartphone are operated by iOS or android, enabling a lot of apps to run on the smartphone. Apps are available in many categories such as games, book, business, communication, education, travel, music and so on. This has make smartphone become a multifunctional device that you must carry with you all the time. You can contact to each other as easy as ABC Evolution of mobile phone has changed our communication easier. With the basic function of making a voice call and text messaging service, we can keep in touch with our loved ones. Look at the past, we communicate with each other by letter, and it takes long time to receive. For example, if your loved one had moved to a country far from you to pursue his or her study, and both of you only can communicate with each other by letters. It took a few weeks for a letter to reach to your loved one and a few weeks later for the letter to reach back to you again. This is a waste of time and money. The cost of sending a letter overseas is quite expensive if you regularly contact with each other by letter. But now we have mobile phones, we can connect to each other in a second. By just a click on the tip of your hand, you can have a voice call or a text message to your loved one. It is easy and cost effective. In recent years, mobile phones have become a basic part of life as the number of users of mobile phones has increased. Also, mobile phones are cheap to purchase. There are many reasons why people support and use mobile phones. Millions of other people also support for similar reasons. For example, many people around the world like to use the mobile phone for social networking. There are a lot of social networking websites available on mobile phone nowadays. Some of the examples are Facebook, Twitter, Skype. With smartphone operated by android system, users can even have multiple social networking applications such as Viber, Whatsapp, Line and many others. If there is a need to talk to friends or families, you can do it from anyplace and at any time. Some of it can also find the friends that had already lost contact and keep in touch again. Besides, you can also take pictures of where you are or what you are doing and post this information to your mobile phone. You can update photos or videos and show your friends and family what you are doing. This ensured the relationship between you and your friend and between you and your family will be maintained with the power of mobile phone. Mobile phone has change our language Have you ever noticed how the usage of mobile phone has changed our language? On Facebook you â€Å"like† things. Like is a great word but now it is used for much more. And you also â€Å"comment† on things. All these words may be familiar to us in our life but now when you hear these words you will automatically think of Facebook. In our daily conversation, we may also use â€Å"like† to express that we agree on something. For example, when your friend said something that you think is very true, you will say: I wish to give you a â€Å"like†. This shows that how a simple word has a different meaning when we expose to mobile phone frequently. We also use letters for phrases rather than typing the whole thing out. Many people have been using abbreviations when texting with other people such as LOL, BRB, ASAP, OMG and so on. For individuals who are unfamiliar with these abbreviations, the message will become unclear. Table 1 : Some of the common shortcut used Shortcut| Original Phrases| BRB| Be right back| ASAP| As soon as possible| OMG| Oh my God| LOL| Laughing out loud| L8R| Later| BTW| By the way| 2MORO| Tomorrow| 2NITE| Tonight| The term â€Å"Google† is actually a search engine but now it also function as a verb. For example, when you look something up, you tell people you googled it. The interesting part is that people will exactly understand it. They wouldn’t misunderstand that you looked at someone. They will know that you researched something on the search engine. It changed the way people interact with each other Truth be told, almost everything can be done through the mobile phone nowadays. It started with online shopping where people can now just hold the phone on their hand and buy whatever they what easily. And then came mobile banking, as security became better and better, so did the people’s trust in providing their bank details and doing their banking transactions with their mobile phone. Breakdown of Communication One of the greatest disadvantages of the mobile phone is the fact that we do not talk to strangers when traveling anymore. In the past, several people waiting for a bus would engage in a conversation while they were waiting. People who travelled the same routes every day might develop friendships along the way. This situation does not happen anymore. Today when people are waiting for a bus, they just pull out their mobile phones and speak with old friends, missing out on the opportunity to make new ones. In large cities, many people do not know their neighbours, even though they may have lived in the same neighbourhood for years. As a society, we are beginning to lose the face-to-face contact that was such an important part of our lives in the past. Communication is at the core of every relationship, personal or professional, that you hold in life. A breakdown of communication caused by technology can affect your job, your friendships, your relationship with others, and your family relationships. In face to face communication your nonverbal communication, like facial expressions and body language, reinforce the tone of your message. These nonverbal indicators do not exist with technology based communication, making your message more likely to be misinterpreted. The user of mobile phone increases significantly from year to year. More and more people use mobile phone to keep in touch with family, friends, online shopping and even conduct business. The statistics shows how human communication has changed in recent years: 2006 Text Messages: 158 billion MMS Messages: 2. 7 billion Voice Minutes: 1. 7 trillion Cell phone subscribers: 233,041,000 Land lines: 140 million Twitter Accounts: just launched that July Facebook accounts: 12 million Skype accounts: 171 million 2010 Text Messages: 2. 052 trillion MMS Messages: 56. 6 billion Voice Minutes: 2. 241 trillion Cell Phone Subscribers: 302. 9 million Land lines: 153 million at the end of 2009, (but losing 700,000 a month) Twitter accounts: 175 million Facebook accounts: 500 million Skype accounts: 560 million In a nutshell, the evolution of mobile phone has change the way people communicate. The effects come on both positive and negative side. In positive side, mobile phone has make the world seems smaller and smaller because everyone can easily connected no matter where there are. Family and friends can keep in touch can up to date to the latest news. On the other hand, mobile phone also caused some form of communication breakdown. Face to face interaction has slowly being eliminated. Everyone seems need to be connected through the mobile phone and live in a virtual world. However, as long as we use mobile phone wisely, we can still maximize the function of a mobile phone to optimum.

Overview of the Einsatzgruppen Massacre

Overview of the Einsatzgruppen Massacre During the Holocaust, mobile killing squads known as Einsatzgruppen (made up of groups of German soldiers and local collaborators) killed over one million people following the invasion of the Soviet Union. From June 1941 until their operations were curtailed in the spring of 1943, Einsatzgruppen conducted mass killings of Jews, Communists, and the disabled in Nazi-occupied areas in the East.  The Einsatzgruppen were the first step in the Nazi’s implementation of the Final Solution. Origins of the Final Solution In September 1919, Adolf Hitler first wrote down his ideas about â€Å"the Jewish Question,† comparing the presence of Jews to that of tuberculosis. To be certain, he wanted all Jews removed from German lands; however, at the time, he did not necessarily mean genocide. After Hitler came to power in 1933, the Nazis attempted to remove Jews by making them so unwelcome that they would emigrate. There were also plans to remove the Jews en masse by moving them to an island, perhaps to Madagascar. However unrealistic the Madagascar Plan was, it did not involve mass killing. In July 1938, delegates from 32 countries met at the Evian Conference in Evian, France to discuss the increasing number of Jewish refugees fleeing Germany. With many of these countries having difficulty feeding and employing their own populations during the Great Depression, nearly every delegate stated that their country could not increase their refugee quota. Without an option to send Jews elsewhere, the Nazis began to formulate a different plan to rid their lands of Jews – mass killing. Historians now place the beginning of the Final Solution with the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. The initial strategy directed mobile killing squads, or Einsatzgruppen, to follow the Wehrmacht (Germany army) into the East and eliminate Jews and other undesirables from these newly claimed lands. Organization of the Einsatzgruppen There were four Einsatzgruppen divisions sent east, each with 500 to 1,000 trained Germans. Many members of the Einsatzgruppen had once been part of the SD (Security Service) or the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police), with about a hundred having been once part of the Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police). The Einsatzgruppen were tasked with eliminating Communist officials, Jews, and other â€Å"undesirables† such as Roma (Gypsies) and those that were mentally or physically ill. With their goals clear, the four Einsatzgruppen followed the Wehrmacht east. Labeled Einsatzgruppe A, B, C, and D, the groups were focused on the following areas: Einsatzgruppe A: Baltic nations of Latvia, Lithuania, and EstoniaEinsatzgruppe B: Eastern Poland and BelorussiaEinsatzgruppe C: Western UkraineEinsatzgruppe D: Southern Ukraine and Crimea In each of these areas, the 3,000 German members of the Einsatzgruppen units were aided by local police and civilians, who often willingly collaborated with them. Also, while the Einsatzgruppen were supplied by the Wehrmacht, oftentimes army units would be used to help guard victims and/or the gravesite before the massacre. Einsatzguppen as Killers Most massacres by the Einsatzgruppen followed a standard format. After an area was invaded and occupied by the Wehrmacht, members of the Einsatzgruppen and their local auxiliaries rounded up the local Jewish populations, Communist functionaries, and disabled individuals. These victims were often held in a central location, such as a synagogue or town square, before being taken to a remote area outside of the town or village to be executed. The execution sites were generally prepared in advance, either by the location of a natural pit, ravine, or old quarry or through the use of forced labor to dig out an area to serve as a mass grave. Individuals who were to be killed were then taken to this location on foot or by trucks supplied by the German military. Once the individuals arrived at the mass grave, the executioners would force them to remove their clothing and valuables and then step up to the edge of the pit. Victims were shot by the members of the Einsatzgruppen or their auxiliaries, who typically adhered to a one bullet per person policy. Since not every perpetrator was a polished killer, some victims did not die immediately and instead suffered a slow and painful death. While the victims were being killed, other members of the Einsatzgruppen sorted through the victims’ personal belongings. These belongings would either be sent back to Germany as provisions for bombed-out civilians or they would be auctioned off to the local population and the funds would be utilized to fund further Einsatzgruppen actions and other German military needs. At the conclusion of the massacre, the mass grave would be covered over with dirt. Over time, evidence of the massacres was often difficult to detect without the assistance of members of the local populations who either witnessed or aided in these events. The Massacre at Babi Yar The largest single-site massacre by an Einsatzgruppen unit took place outside of the Ukrainian capital of Kiev on September 29-30, 1941. It was here that the Einsatzgruppe C executed nearly 33,771 Jews in a mass ravine known as Babi Yar. Following the shootings of Jewish victims in late September, other individuals in the local area who were deemed undesirables, such as Roma (Gypsies) and the disabled were also shot and dumped into the ravine. In total, an estimated 100,000 people are said to be buried at this site. An Emotional Toll Shooting defenseless people, especially large groups of women and children, can take a large emotional toll on even the most trained soldier.  Within months of beginning the massacres, leaders of the Einsatzgruppen realized that there was a high emotional cost to shooting victims. The extra liquor rations for members of the Einsatzgruppen was not enough. By August 1941, Nazi leaders were already searching for less personal ways of killing, which led to the invention of gas vans. Gas vans were trucks which had been specially outfitted for killing. Victims would be placed in the backs of the trucks and then exhaust fumes would be piped into the back. Gas vans were a stepping stone to the invention of stationary gas chambers built specifically for killing Jews at death camps. Covering Up Their Crimes At first, the Nazis made no attempt to hide their crimes. They conducted the mass killings during the day, with full knowledge of the local populace. However, after a year of killing, the Nazis made a decision in June 1942 to start eradicating the evidence. This change of policy was partly because most of the mass graves had been hastily covered and were now proving to be a health risk and also because news of the atrocities had begun to leak out to the West. A group known as Sonderkommando 1005, headed by Paul Blobel, was formed to eliminate the mass graves. Work began at the Chelmno Death Camp and then began in occupied areas of the Soviet Union in June 1943. To eliminate the evidence, the Sonderkommandos had prisoners (mostly Jewish ones) dig up the mass graves, move the corpses to a pyre, burn the bodies, crush bones, and scatter the ashes. When an area was cleared, those Jewish prisoners were also killed. While many mass graves were dug up, many more remained. The Nazis did, however, burn enough corpses to make it difficult to determine an accurate number of victims. Post-War Trials of Einsatzgruppen Following World War II, a series of trials were held by the United States in the German city of Nuremberg. The ninth of the Nuremberg Trials was The United States of America v. Otto Ohlendorf et al. (but is more commonly known as the â€Å"Einsatzgruppen Trial†), where 24 high-ranking officials within the ranks of the Einsatzgruppen were put on trial from July 3, 1947, to April 10, 1948. The defendants were charged with one or more of the following crimes: Crimes Against HumanityWar CrimesMembership in a criminal organization Of the 24 defendants, 21 were found guilty on all three counts, while two were only convicted of â€Å"membership in a criminal organization† and one other was removed from the trial for health reasons prior to the sentencing (he died six months later). The penalties varied ranging from death to a few years of imprisonment. In total, 14 individuals were sentenced to death, two received life in prison, and four received sentences ranging from time already served to 20 years.  One individual committed suicide before he was sentenced. Of those sentenced to death, only four were actually executed and many others ultimately had their sentences commuted. Documenting the Massacres Today Many of the mass graves remained hidden in the years following the Holocaust. Local populations were aware of their existence but did not frequently speak of their location. Beginning in 2004, a Catholic priest, Father Patrick Desbois, began a formal effort to document the location of these mass graves. Although locations do not receive official markers for fear of looting, their locations are documented as part of the efforts of DuBois and his organization, Yahad-In Unum. To date, they have discovered the locations of nearly 2,000 mass graves.

Leadership ,management and informatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership ,management and informatics - Essay Example osed that the successful process seen in the centre be taken as a model for similar changes in departments and hospitals run by the NHS in the country. In the process the paper will review a wide range of theory and literature on change management. An appropriate process will be selected by taking relevant information from the literature and will be implemented in the ENT department. 2.0 The UK National Health Service: The sixty year old health system is recognized as one of the three pillars of the UK social policy, the second one being National Insurance and the third pillar comprising of â€Å"various forms of minimum provisions† (Merkel 2008, 54). The importance of this service can be seen from observing its core principles namely, meeting the health needs of every citizen based on clinical needs rather than the ability to pay. But these principles, though noble, were not seen as adequate by the organization and a new set of guiding principles were evolved in 2000 (NHS Core Principles 2009). Those changes are reviewed briefly, after which the rationale for the change as per this report will be given. A comprehensive range of services apart from treatment will be provided to the citizens and will include areas liked health information and disease prevention. The care will be extended to look after important needs of care givers and family members of patients. A continuous quality improvement program will be a part of the operational process of the organization. It will also increase its responsibility towards NHS staff members. The change management process provided in this process is primarily a part of the core guiding principles of the organization mentioned above. 3.0 Rationale for change: Change is often resorted to when the stakeholders are dissatisfied with the current state of affairs (Deek, McHugh & Eljabiri 2005, 213). The ENT centre in Liverpool consists of physicians, anaesthetists, surgeons, trainee assistant practitioners, and